Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	1.1	( 0.8 - 1.4 )	1.9	( 1.5 - 2.5 )	0.2	( 0.1 - 0.4 )	47,000	( 36,000 - 60,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	1.1	( 0.4 - 2.5 )	2.2	( 0.7 - 5.1 )	0.0	( 0 - 3.5 )	7,000	( 2,000 - 17,000 )
25-34	0.6	( 0.2 - 1.3 )	0.8	( 0.2 - 2.2 )	0.3	( 0 - 1.1 )	4,000	( 2,000 - 10,000 )
35-44	1.0	( 0.4 - 1.9 )	1.7	( 0.6 - 3.6 )	0.3	( 0 - 1 )	7,000	( 3,000 - 14,000 )
45-54	1.1	( 0.5 - 1.9 )	1.8	( 0.8 - 3.5 )	0.4	( 0.1 - 1 )	7,000	( 4,000 - 12,000 )
55-64	1.5	( 0.8 - 2.5 )	2.8	( 1.5 - 4.8 )	0.3	( 0 - 0.9 )	10,000	( 5,000 - 16,000 )
65+	1.3	( 0.9 - 1.9 )	2.5	( 1.6 - 3.6 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.8 )	12,000	( 8,000 - 17,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	1.1	( 0.5 - 2 )	1.9	( 0.8 - 3.9 )	0.2	( 0 - 1 )	7,000	( 3,000 - 13,000 )
Pacific peoples	1.7	( 0.6 - 3.5 )	3.2	( 1.1 - 7.1 )	0.2	( 0 - 1 )	5,000	( 2,000 - 11,000 )
Asian peoples	0.1	( 0 - 0.3 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.5 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.3 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 2,000 )
NZ European/MELAA/Other	1.3	( 0.9 - 1.6 )	2.3	( 1.6 - 3 )	0.3	( 0.1 - 0.6 )	39,000	( 29,000 - 50,000 )
Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions
One or more	1.2	( 0.7 - 2.1 )	2.2	( 1.2 - 3.9 )	0.3	( 0 - 1.1 )	9,000	( 5,000 - 14,000 )
None reported	1.1	( 0.8 - 1.4 )	1.9	( 1.4 - 2.6 )	0.2	( 0.1 - 0.5 )	38,000	( 28,000 - 50,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation (2018)
Score 1-3 (Low)	1.2	( 0.8 - 1.9 )	2.2	( 1.3 - 3.4 )	0.4	( 0.1 - 0.8 )	17,000	( 11,000 - 25,000 )
Score 4-7 (Moderate)	0.8	( 0.5 - 1.2 )	1.4	( 0.8 - 2.3 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.4 )	14,000	( 8,000 - 21,000 )
Score 8-10 (High)	1.4	( 0.9 - 2.2 )	2.6	( 1.6 - 4.1 )	0.3	( 0.1 - 0.8 )	16,000	( 10,000 - 25,000 )
Health Region
Northern (Te Tai Tokerau)	0.6	( 0.3 - 1 )	1.1	( 0.6 - 1.9 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.3 )	9,000	( 5,000 - 15,000 )
Midland (Te Manawa Taki)	1.4	( 0.7 - 2.4 )	2.6	( 1.3 - 4.7 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.8 )	11,000	( 6,000 - 20,000 )
Central (Te Ikaroa)	1.6	( 1 - 2.4 )	2.6	( 1.6 - 4.2 )	0.6	( 0.2 - 1.3 )	15,000	( 9,000 - 22,000 )
South Island (Te Waipounamu)	1.1	( 0.6 - 1.9 )	2.1	( 1.1 - 3.5 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.8 )	12,000	( 7,000 - 20,000 )
Problem Gambling Servity Index
Moderate to high-risk gambler	8.1	( 3.9 - 14.5 )	11.6	( 4.9 - 22.4 )	3.3	( 0.6 - 10.2 )	8,000	( 4,000 - 15,000 )
Low-risk gambler	5.4	( 3 - 8.7 )	9.0	( 5 - 14.7 )	0.6	( 0 - 2.6 )	14,000	( 8,000 - 22,000 )
Non-problem gambler	1.1	( 0.8 - 1.5 )	1.9	( 1.3 - 2.6 )	0.3	( 0.1 - 0.6 )	24,000	( 17,000 - 33,000 )

Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey

Notes:

• This table presents unadjusted results; that is, the prevalence or mean estimates reflect the actual percentage or mean of the population affected in each time period.
• Total response measure of ethnicity was used. People who reported belonging to more than one ethnic group are counted once in each group they reported.
• Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions includes respondents who self-reported having at least one of the following: physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, sensory disabilities, neurological conditions, developmental disabilities, and mental health and addictions conditions.
• Dashes indicate insufficient sample size.

Subgroup Comparison (2023/24)

Adjusted prevalence ratios are used to compare the results for different population subgroups. An adjusted ratio above 1 shows that the indicator is more likely, and an adjusted ratio below 1 shows the indicator is less likely, in the group of interest (e.g. Māori) than the reference group (e.g. non-Māori), after adjusting for demographic variables that could influence the association.

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Equity-based ethnicities

Kaupapa Māori consistent data analysis planning was supported by Māori and Pasifika advisors at Health New Zealand. In alignment with Kaupapa Māori research and Te Tiriti ō Waitangi principles, comparisons were made between ethnic groupings in order to identify ethnic inequities.

Equity-based ethnicity is only used for comparisons and is another form of total response. Unlike total response, which compares one ethnic group with everyone else in the sample, equity-based ethnicities compare Māori to non-Māori and non-Pacific. The same comparison group is used for Pacific peoples.

	Adjusted ratios
Population groups being compared	Ratio	(95% CI)	Adjustment variables
Gender
Women vs men	-	-	Age
Māori (equity)
Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	-	-	Age, Gender
Men: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	-	-	Age
Women: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	-	-	Age
Pacific peoples (equity)
Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	-	-	Age, Gender
Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	-	-	Age
Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	-	-	Age
Māori (total)
Māori vs non-Māori	-	-	Age, Gender
Men: Māori vs non-Māori	1.07	( 0.47 - 2.44 )	Age
Women: Māori vs non-Māori	-	-	Age
Pacific peoples (total)
Pacific vs non-Pacific	-	-	Age, Gender
Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific	1.92	( 0.8 - 4.64 )	Age
Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific	-	-	Age
Asian (total)
Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age, Gender
Men: Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age
Women: Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age
Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions
One or more vs those that reported none	-	-	Age, Gender, Ethnicity
Neighbourhood deprivation (2018)
Most deprived vs least deprived	-	-	Age, Gender, Ethnicity
Men: Most deprived vs least deprived	-	-	Age, Ethnicity
Women: Most deprived vs least deprived	-	-	Age, Ethnicity

Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey

Notes:

• This table gives comparisons as adjusted prevalence ratios.
• Population groups being compared are based on total ethnicity.
• Neighbourhood deprivation groups are least (1 - 3), mid (4 - 7) and most deprived (8 - 10).
• Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions includes respondents who self-reported having at least one of the following: physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, sensory disabilities, neurological conditions, developmental disabilities, and mental health and addictions conditions.
• The model for neighbourhood deprivation and disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions used prioritised ethnicity as an adjustment variable.
• Dashes indicate that reliable estimates are unavailable due to, for example, an insufficient sample size or unusually wide confidence interval.