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Individual gambling harm (PGSI=8-27): Moderate-risk and problem gambler
This is the percentage of the population affected (that is, the unadjusted prevalence in the specified population).
Estimated numbers are rounded to the nearest 1,000 people.
Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey
Notes:
This table shows the percentage of the population affected.
Total |
Men |
Women |
Estimated number of adults
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (.95CI) | % | (.95CI) | % | (.95CI) | Total | (.95CI) | |
| Total | 2.4 | ( 1.9 - 3.1 ) | 2.8 | ( 2 - 3.8 ) | 2.1 | ( 1.4 - 3 ) | 104,000 | ( 81,000 - 132,000 ) |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 15-24 | 3.9 | ( 1.6 - 7.8 ) | 3.9 | ( 0.9 - 10.5 ) | 4.1 | ( 1 - 10.4 ) | 26,000 | ( 10,000 - 51,000 ) |
| 25-34 | 3.0 | ( 1.7 - 4.7 ) | 3.8 | ( 2 - 6.6 ) | 2.1 | ( 0.6 - 5 ) | 22,000 | ( 13,000 - 36,000 ) |
| 35-44 | 2.2 | ( 1.4 - 3.4 ) | 3.3 | ( 1.8 - 5.4 ) | 1.2 | ( 0.5 - 2.3 ) | 16,000 | ( 10,000 - 24,000 ) |
| 45-54 | 2.4 | ( 1.5 - 3.7 ) | 2.2 | ( 1 - 4.1 ) | 2.7 | ( 1.3 - 4.8 ) | 16,000 | ( 9,000 - 24,000 ) |
| 55-64 | 2.4 | ( 1.4 - 3.8 ) | 2.9 | ( 1.3 - 5.5 ) | 1.9 | ( 0.9 - 3.6 ) | 15,000 | ( 9,000 - 24,000 ) |
| 65+ | 1.0 | ( 0.6 - 1.7 ) | 1.1 | ( 0.5 - 2 ) | 1.0 | ( 0.4 - 2 ) | 9,000 | ( 5,000 - 15,000 ) |
| Ethnicity (total) | ||||||||
| Māori | 4.9 | ( 2.8 - 7.9 ) | 6.4 | ( 2.6 - 12.7 ) | 3.5 | ( 2 - 5.7 ) | 32,000 | ( 18,000 - 51,000 ) |
| Pacific peoples | 5.7 | ( 2.5 - 10.8 ) | 6.2 | ( 2.8 - 11.6 ) | 5.2 | ( 0.9 - 15.7 ) | 18,000 | ( 8,000 - 34,000 ) |
| Asian peoples | 1.9 | ( 1 - 3.4 ) | 2.1 | ( 1 - 3.8 ) | 1.8 | ( 0.5 - 4.7 ) | 15,000 | ( 8,000 - 27,000 ) |
| NZ European/MELAA/Other | 1.9 | ( 1.4 - 2.6 ) | 2.3 | ( 1.4 - 3.5 ) | 1.6 | ( 1 - 2.4 ) | 59,000 | ( 42,000 - 79,000 ) |
| Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions | ||||||||
| One or more | 6.5 | ( 4.3 - 9.3 ) | 7.7 | ( 4.5 - 12.3 ) | 5.6 | ( 2.8 - 10 ) | 44,000 | ( 29,000 - 64,000 ) |
| None reported | 1.7 | ( 1.2 - 2.3 ) | 2.0 | ( 1.2 - 3 ) | 1.4 | ( 0.8 - 2.2 ) | 59,000 | ( 42,000 - 81,000 ) |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (2018) | ||||||||
| Score 1-3 (Low) | 2.1 | ( 1.1 - 3.5 ) | 2.6 | ( 1.1 - 5.2 ) | 1.5 | ( 0.6 - 3.3 ) | 28,000 | ( 15,000 - 47,000 ) |
| Score 4-7 (Moderate) | 1.9 | ( 1.3 - 2.7 ) | 1.9 | ( 1.2 - 3 ) | 2.0 | ( 1.1 - 3.3 ) | 34,000 | ( 24,000 - 48,000 ) |
| Score 8-10 (High) | 3.6 | ( 2.3 - 5.2 ) | 4.4 | ( 2.5 - 7.1 ) | 2.8 | ( 1.3 - 5.3 ) | 41,000 | ( 26,000 - 60,000 ) |
| Health Region | ||||||||
| Northern (Te Tai Tokerau) | 2.7 | ( 1.7 - 4.1 ) | 2.9 | ( 1.5 - 4.9 ) | 2.6 | ( 1.2 - 4.9 ) | 41,000 | ( 25,000 - 61,000 ) |
| Midland (Te Manawa Taki) | 1.7 | ( 1 - 2.6 ) | 2.4 | ( 1.2 - 4.1 ) | 1.0 | ( 0.5 - 1.8 ) | 14,000 | ( 9,000 - 21,000 ) |
| Central (Te Ikaroa) | 2.9 | ( 1.5 - 4.9 ) | 4.1 | ( 1.8 - 7.8 ) | 1.8 | ( 0.6 - 4.2 ) | 27,000 | ( 14,000 - 45,000 ) |
| South Island (Te Waipounamu) | 2.1 | ( 1.3 - 3.3 ) | 1.9 | ( 0.8 - 3.8 ) | 2.3 | ( 1.2 - 4.1 ) | 22,000 | ( 13,000 - 34,000 ) |
| Gambling Participation and Frequency | ||||||||
| Any gambling activity | 3.7 | ( 2.9 - 4.7 ) | 4.2 | ( 3 - 5.7 ) | 3.3 | ( 2.2 - 4.7 ) | 103,000 | ( 80,000 - 130,000 ) |
| Any NZ-based gambling activity | 3.6 | ( 2.8 - 4.5 ) | 3.8 | ( 2.7 - 5.2 ) | 3.3 | ( 2.2 - 4.7 ) | 98,000 | ( 76,000 - 124,000 ) |
| Any overseas online activity | 22.0 | ( 13.5 - 32.7 ) | 23.8 | ( 12.9 - 37.9 ) | 17.0 | ( 7.9 - 30.2 ) | 34,000 | ( 21,000 - 51,000 ) |
| Any online gambling activity (NZ or Overseas) | 5.4 | ( 4 - 7.2 ) | 6.8 | ( 4.6 - 9.5 ) | 3.8 | ( 2.3 - 5.9 ) | 73,000 | ( 54,000 - 96,000 ) |
The estimated number of people is the value that is inferred for that population based on data collected from the survey sample. Estimated numbers are rounded to the nearest 1,000 people.
Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey
Notes:
Adjusted prevalence ratios are used to compare the results for different population subgroups. An adjusted ratio above 1 shows that the indicator is more likely, and an adjusted ratio below 1 shows the indicator is less likely, in the group of interest (e.g. Māori) than the reference group (e.g. non-Māori), after adjusting for demographic variables that could influence the association.
Kaupapa Māori consistent data analysis planning was supported by Māori and Pasifika advisors at Health New Zealand. In alignment with Kaupapa Māori research and Te Tiriti ō Waitangi principles, comparisons were made between ethnic groupings in order to identify ethnic inequities.
Equity-based ethnicity is only used for comparisons and is another form of total response. Unlike total response, which compares one ethnic group with everyone else in the sample, equity-based ethnicities compare Māori to non-Māori and non-Pacific. The same comparison group is used for Pacific peoples.
Adjusted ratios
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Population groups being compared | Ratio | (95% CI) | Adjustment variables |
| Gender | |||
| Women vs men | 0.75 | ( 0.46 - 1.22 ) | Age |
| Māori (equity) | |||
| Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific | 2.62 | ( 1.52 - 4.49 ) | Age, Gender |
| Men: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific | 2.92 | ( 1.46 - 5.84 ) | Age |
| Women: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific | - | - | Age |
| Pacific peoples (equity) | |||
| Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori | 2.95 | ( 1.48 - 5.9 ) | Age, Gender |
| Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori | 2.81 | ( 1.37 - 5.77 ) | Age |
| Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori | - | - | Age |
| Māori (total) | |||
| Māori vs non-Māori | 2.24 | ( 1.3 - 3.85 ) | Age, Gender |
| Men: Māori vs non-Māori | 2.61 | ( 1.31 - 5.21 ) | Age |
| Women: Māori vs non-Māori | - | - | Age |
| Pacific peoples (total) | |||
| Pacific vs non-Pacific | 2.31 | ( 1.15 - 4.63 ) | Age, Gender |
| Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific | 2.15 | ( 1 - 4.64 ) | Age |
| Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific | - | - | Age |
| Asian (total) | |||
| Asian vs non-Asian | 0.7 | ( 0.38 - 1.31 ) | Age, Gender |
| Men: Asian vs non-Asian | 0.61 | ( 0.31 - 1.22 ) | Age |
| Women: Asian vs non-Asian | - | - | Age |
| Disabilities and mental health, addiction, and neurological conditions | |||
| One or more vs those that reported none | 4.02 | ( 2.45 - 6.61 ) | Age, Gender, Ethnicity |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (2018) | |||
| Most deprived vs least deprived | 1.27 | ( 0.64 - 2.49 ) | Age, Gender, Ethnicity |
| Men: Most deprived vs least deprived | - | - | Age, Ethnicity |
| Women: Most deprived vs least deprived | - | - | Age, Ethnicity |
For example, an adjusted ratio of 1.50 for Māori vs non-Māori means that the indicator is 1.5 times more likely in Māori than non-Māori, after adjusting for differences in demographic variables such as sex and age.
A highlighted value indicates that the adjusted ratio is statistically significant ( p value < .05).
Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey
Notes:
Individual gambling harm (PGSI=8-27): Moderate-risk and problem gambler
Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI; Ferris & Wynne, 2001) is a 9-item scale used to assess people's experiences of gambling-related harm in the last 12 months.
Participants rate their gambling behaviours on a scale from 0 (never) to 3 (almost always), answering questions like “How often have you bet more than you could really afford to lose?” The total score ranges from 0 to 27, with scores of 0 indicating non-problem gambling, 1-2 indicating low-risk gambling, 3-7 indicating moderate-risk gambling and 8-27 indicating problem gambling.
Respondents who answered “prefer not to say” or “don’t know” to any of the nine gambling questions, even if they gave regular answers to all other questions. This affected 93 respondents, representing 1.1% of the weighted population.
Routing error: Respondents who only participated in sweepstakes or with friends and family, or played for money on activities such as card games were incorrectly not asked the PGSI questions (B50-B58). This affected 130 respondents, representing 2.3% of the weighted population.
Question(s):
When answering these questions please think about the last 12 months. How often...
(Never / Sometimes / Most of the time / Almost always)
Topic: Gambling harm
Subtopic: Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)
Source: New Zealand Gambling Survey
nzgs_ind_1021
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