Kupe - Data Explorer

Health and Lifestyles Survey

Health and Lifestyles Survey Gambling Gambling participation Online gambling - overseas websites

2020 Health and Lifestyles Survey

Time trends

Age and sex

Ethnicity (total)

Source: Health and Lifestyles Survey

Notes:

Missing bar in chart indicates insufficient sample size.

Prevalence for selected indicator

This table shows the percentage of the population affected.

Year

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Men Women Estimated number

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	2.6	( 1.9 - 3.3 )	3.4	( 2.3 - 4.9 )	1.7	( 1.2 - 2.5 )	105,000	( 80,000 - 136,000 )
Age group (years)
16-24	3.6	( 1.6 - 6.9 )	5.2	( 1.8 - 11.5 )	1.9	( 0.5 - 4.7 )	21,000	( 10,000 - 40,000 )
25-44	3.7	( 2.4 - 5.5 )	4.9	( 2.6 - 8.3 )	2.6	( 1.4 - 4.2 )	52,000	( 33,000 - 78,000 )
45-64	1.9	( 1.1 - 3 )	2.9	( 1.4 - 5.2 )	1.0	( 0.5 - 1.8 )	24,000	( 14,000 - 37,000 )
65+	0.9	( 0.4 - 1.9 )	0.4	( 0 - 1.7 )	1.4	( 0.5 - 3.2 )	8,000	( 3,000 - 17,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	4.7	( 3.4 - 6.4 )	5.0	( 3 - 7.8 )	4.3	( 2.8 - 6.4 )	28,000	( 20,000 - 37,000 )
Pacific	3.7	( 2.1 - 5.9 )	2.2	( 0.8 - 5.1 )	5.1	( 2.5 - 9.1 )	10,000	( 6,000 - 17,000 )
Asian	1.1	( 0.1 - 4 )	2.3	( 0.3 - 8.1 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.3 )	8,000	( 1,000 - 28,000 )
NZ European / Other	2.5	( 1.8 - 3.5 )	3.8	( 2.4 - 5.6 )	1.3	( 0.7 - 2.2 )	73,000	( 51,000 - 100,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	1.8	( 0.8 - 3.4 )	3.0	( 1.1 - 6.3 )	0.7	( 0.1 - 2.2 )	24,000	( 11,000 - 45,000 )
Mid (4-7)	2.9	( 1.8 - 4.3 )	4.2	( 2.3 - 7 )	1.6	( 0.8 - 2.8 )	50,000	( 32,000 - 75,000 )
Most (8-10)	3.0	( 2 - 4.2 )	2.6	( 1.3 - 4.7 )	3.3	( 1.9 - 5.1 )	31,000	( 21,000 - 44,000 )
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	2.4	( 1.7 - 3.3 )	3.3	( 2 - 5.1 )	1.6	( 1 - 2.6 )	65,000	( 46,000 - 89,000 )
Low-risk gambler	20.7	( 10.4 - 34.9 )	22.6	( 9.3 - 41.9 )	16.4	( 4.8 - 36.6 )	25,000	( 12,000 - 42,000 )
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	24.5	( 13.1 - 39.2 )	21.4	( 7.1 - 43.8 )	27.8	( 10.7 - 51.6 )	16,000	( 9,000 - 26,000 )

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	2.2	( 1.5 - 3.2 )	3.4	( 2.1 - 5.3 )	1	( 0.5 - 1.8 )	86,000	( 57,000 - 125,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	3.7	( 1.3 - 7.8 )	7.1	( 2.6 - 15 )	0	( 0 - 4.7 )	25,000	( 9,000 - 53,000 )
25-44	3.3	( 1.9 - 5.3 )	4.0	( 1.8 - 7.4 )	2.6	( 1.2 - 4.9 )	43,000	( 24,000 - 68,000 )
45-64	1.0	( 0.3 - 2.4 )	1.6	( 0.3 - 4.8 )	0.4	( 0.1 - 1.1 )	11,000	( 3,000 - 28,000 )
65+	1.0	( 0.2 - 3.1 )	2.0	( 0.3 - 6.3 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.9 )	8,000	( 1,000 - 24,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	5.8	( 2.7 - 10.8 )	9.0	( 3.7 - 17.6 )	2.9	( 0.9 - 6.9 )	30,000	( 14,000 - 56,000 )
Pacific	1.4	( 0.4 - 3.4 )	1.7	( 0.2 - 6.1 )	1.1	( 0.3 - 2.9 )	4,000	( 1,000 - 9,000 )
Asian	0.3	( 0 - 1.6 )	0.5	( 0 - 3.2 )	0	( 0 - 5.5 )	2,000	( 1,000 - 10,000 )
NZ European / Other	2.3	( 1.5 - 3.5 )	3.7	( 2.1 - 6.1 )	1	( 0.4 - 2 )	70,000	( 43,000 - 105,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	1.5	( 0.5 - 3.4 )	2.3	( 0.6 - 6 )	0.8	( 0.1 - 2.8 )	19,000	( 7,000 - 43,000 )
Mid (4-7)	1.6	( 0.8 - 2.9 )	2.5	( 1 - 5 )	0.9	( 0.3 - 2.2 )	25,000	( 13,000 - 46,000 )
Most (8-10)	3.8	( 1.9 - 6.6 )	6.2	( 2.9 - 11.3 )	1.4	( 0.4 - 3.3 )	42,000	( 21,000 - 72,000 )
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	2.0	( 1.2 - 3.1 )	3.0	( 1.5 - 5.3 )	1.1	( 0.5 - 2.1 )	48,000	( 29,000 - 76,000 )
Low-risk gambler	14.7	( 5.2 - 30.5 )	17.5	( 4.4 - 41 )	8.5	( 0.8 - 29.5 )	21,000	( 7,000 - 43,000 )
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	22.6	( 6.1 - 49.4 )	25.9	( 5.1 - 60.4 )	-	-	17,000	( 5,000 - 37,000 )

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	3.2	( 2.4 - 4.2 )	5.2	( 3.7 - 7 )	1.4	( 0.8 - 2.2 )	122,000	( 92,000 - 159,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	3.6	( 1.6 - 7 )	6.0	( 2.4 - 12.1 )	1.1	( 0 - 5.8 )	24,000	( 11,000 - 47,000 )
25-44	4.3	( 2.8 - 6.5 )	7.1	( 4.1 - 11.3 )	1.7	( 0.8 - 3.4 )	53,000	( 34,000 - 79,000 )
45-64	2.5	( 1.5 - 3.9 )	4.0	( 2.2 - 6.7 )	1.2	( 0.4 - 2.6 )	30,000	( 18,000 - 47,000 )
65+	2.2	( 0.8 - 4.6 )	2.9	( 1 - 6.5 )	1.4	( 0.3 - 3.8 )	15,000	( 5,000 - 32,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	3.1	( 1.6 - 5.6 )	3.8	( 1.7 - 7.5 )	2.5	( 0.6 - 6.8 )	16,000	( 8,000 - 28,000 )
Pacific	4.1	( 2 - 7.3 )	6.8	( 3 - 12.9 )	1.2	( 0.4 - 2.8 )	10,000	( 5,000 - 19,000 )
Asian	3.8	( 1.3 - 8.7 )	7.0	( 2 - 16.9 )	0.8	( 0.1 - 3.1 )	21,000	( 7,000 - 48,000 )
NZ European / Other	3.2	( 2.3 - 4.2 )	5.0	( 3.5 - 6.9 )	1.4	( 0.7 - 2.5 )	91,000	( 66,000 - 121,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	3.5	( 1.9 - 5.7 )	5.8	( 2.9 - 10.2 )	1.4	( 0.5 - 2.9 )	41,000	( 23,000 - 67,000 )
Mid (4-7)	3.8	( 2.6 - 5.5 )	6.1	( 3.7 - 9.3 )	1.7	( 0.7 - 3.5 )	63,000	( 42,000 - 90,000 )
Most (8-10)	1.9	( 1.2 - 3 )	3.0	( 1.6 - 5 )	0.8	( 0.3 - 1.9 )	19,000	( 11,000 - 29,000 )
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	4.0	( 2.9 - 5.4 )	6.3	( 4.3 - 8.9 )	1.8	( 1 - 2.9 )	100,000	( 72,000 - 133,000 )
Low-risk gambler	9.3	( 3.8 - 18.1 )	11.4	( 5 - 21.3 )	6.8	( 0.3 - 28.6 )	12,000	( 5,000 - 23,000 )
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	18.8	( 4 - 45.9 )	26.6	( 5 - 62.1 )	2.6	( 0.3 - 8.6 )	11,000	( 2,000 - 26,000 )

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	3.5	( 2.4 - 5 )	5.4	( 3.3 - 8.2 )	1.8	( 0.8 - 3.3 )	127,000	( 86,000 - 180,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	2.6	( 0.6 - 7.1 )	5.1	( 1.2 - 13.6 )	0	( 0 - 7.5 )	17,000	( 4,000 - 46,000 )
25-44	5.0	( 2.8 - 8.1 )	7.5	( 3.6 - 13.5 )	2.6	( 0.8 - 6.1 )	58,000	( 33,000 - 94,000 )
45-64	3.2	( 1.4 - 6.1 )	5	( 1.6 - 11.3 )	1.5	( 0.6 - 3.1 )	35,000	( 16,000 - 67,000 )
65+	2.4	( 0.7 - 6.2 )	2.6	( 0.6 - 7.1 )	2.3	( 0.1 - 10 )	17,000	( 5,000 - 43,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	2.9	( 1.4 - 5.2 )	3.8	( 1.3 - 8.7 )	2	( 0.8 - 4.2 )	14,000	( 7,000 - 25,000 )
Pacific	4.0	( 0.5 - 14.1 )	0.8	( 0.1 - 2.5 )	7.2	( 0.6 - 26.9 )	9,000	( 1,000 - 32,000 )
Asian	1.9	( 0.2 - 6.5 )	3.4	( 0.3 - 13.2 )	0.5	( 0 - 2.9 )	9,000	( 1,000 - 30,000 )
NZ European / Other	4.0	( 2.6 - 5.9 )	6.3	( 3.7 - 9.9 )	1.9	( 0.7 - 4 )	110,000	( 72,000 - 162,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	3.0	( 1.5 - 5.3 )	3.3	( 1.3 - 6.8 )	2.7	( 0.7 - 6.8 )	34,000	( 17,000 - 61,000 )
Mid (4-7)	3.5	( 1.8 - 6.2 )	5.3	( 2.3 - 10.1 )	1.8	( 0.4 - 4.8 )	55,000	( 27,000 - 97,000 )
Most (8-10)	4.3	( 1.8 - 8.6 )	8.6	( 3.3 - 17.5 )	0.8	( 0.2 - 1.9 )	38,000	( 16,000 - 76,000 )
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	4.4	( 2.8 - 6.5 )	6.5	( 3.8 - 10.2 )	2.5	( 1.1 - 4.9 )	104,000	( 67,000 - 153,000 )
Low-risk gambler	6.5	( 1.8 - 16.1 )	8.5	( 1.1 - 27.2 )	4.1	( 1 - 10.5 )	7,000	( 2,000 - 17,000 )
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	24.7	( 4.7 - 59.1 )	-	-	-	-	16,000	( 3,000 - 39,000 )

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	1.4	( 0.7 - 2.7 )	2.2	( 0.8 - 4.8 )	0.7	( 0.2 - 1.7 )	50,000	( 23,000 - 93,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	3.2	( 0.9 - 8.1 )	5.4	( 1.1 - 15.2 )	1	( 0.1 - 4.3 )	20,000	( 5,000 - 50,000 )
25-44	2.2	( 0.6 - 5.6 )	3.1	( 0.4 - 10.5 )	1.4	( 0.3 - 4.4 )	25,000	( 7,000 - 65,000 )
45-64	0.2	( 0.1 - 0.7 )	0.3	( 0.1 - 1 )	0.2	( 0 - 1 )	3,000	( 1,000 - 8,000 )
65+	0.3	( 0 - 0.9 )	0.5	( 0.1 - 1.9 )	0	( 0 - 4.9 )	2,000	( 1,000 - 6,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	1.3	( 0.3 - 3.4 )	1	( 0.1 - 3.5 )	1.5	( 0.2 - 5.7 )	6,000	( 1,000 - 15,000 )
Pacific	0.5	( 0.1 - 1.5 )	0.7	( 0.1 - 2.8 )	0.3	( 0 - 1.6 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 3,000 )
Asian	2.9	( 0.4 - 10.2 )	3.6	( 0 - 20.9 )	2.3	( 0.2 - 8.8 )	12,000	( 1,000 - 40,000 )
NZ European / Other	1.3	( 0.5 - 2.7 )	2.1	( 0.6 - 5 )	0.6	( 0.1 - 1.9 )	38,000	( 15,000 - 78,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	1.8	( 0.2 - 6.2 )	3.4	( 0.4 - 12.2 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.7 )	17,000	( 2,000 - 58,000 )
Mid (4-7)	0.8	( 0.2 - 2 )	0.2	( 0 - 0.8 )	1.3	( 0.3 - 3.7 )	12,000	( 3,000 - 30,000 )
Most (8-10)	2.0	( 0.6 - 4.7 )	3.8	( 1.1 - 9.5 )	0.3	( 0 - 1 )	21,000	( 7,000 - 49,000 )
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	1.9	( 0.8 - 3.8 )	3.4	( 1.2 - 7.4 )	0.6	( 0.1 - 1.9 )	44,000	( 19,000 - 86,000 )
Low-risk gambler	4.5	( 0.3 - 18.8 )	1.7	( 0 - 9.6 )	8	( 0.1 - 41.1 )	4,000	( 1,000 - 18,000 )
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	2.9	( 0.2 - 12.4 )	-	-	-	-	1,000	( 1,000 - 6,000 )

	Total		Men		Women		Estimated number of adults
	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	%	(.95CI)	Total	(.95CI)
Total	0.2	( 0 - 0.9 )	0.4	( 0 - 1.8 )	0.0	( 0 - 0.1 )	7,000	( 1,000 - 30,000 )
Age group (years)
15-24	0.0	( 0 - 4.5 )	0.0	( 0 - 9.8 )	0.0	( 0 - 7.6 )	-	-
25-44	0.1	( 0 - 0.4 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.7 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.4 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 4,000 )
45-64	0.0	( 0 - 1.6 )	0.0	( 0 - 3.7 )	0.0	( 0 - 2.7 )	-	-
65+	1.0	( 0 - 5.6 )	2.2	( 0 - 11.7 )	0.0	( 0 - 5.8 )	6,000	( 1,000 - 30,000 )
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	( 0 - 1 )	0.3	( 0 - 2 )	0.2	( 0 - 1 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 4,000 )
Pacific	0.0	( 0 - 2.7 )	0.0	( 0 - 7 )	0.0	( 0 - 4.3 )	-	-
Asian	0.0	( 0 - 6.9 )	0.0	( 0 - 17.3 )	0.0	( 0 - 10.3 )	-	-
NZ European / Other	0.2	( 0 - 1.1 )	0.4	( 0 - 2.4 )	0.0	( 0 - 0.2 )	6,000	( 1,000 - 30,000 )
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	( 0 - 0.4 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.7 )	0.1	( 0 - 0.4 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 4,000 )
Mid (4-7)	0.4	( 0 - 2.5 )	0.9	( 0 - 5.2 )	0.0	( 0 - 2.8 )	6,000	( 1,000 - 31,000 )
Most (8-10)	0.0	( 0 - 1.2 )	0.0	( 0 - 3.1 )	0.0	( 0 - 1.8 )	-	-
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	( 0 - 1.2 )	0.5	( 0 - 2.7 )	0.0	( 0 - 0.2 )	6,000	( 1,000 - 30,000 )
Low-risk gambler	0.0	( 0 - 6.5 )	0.0	( 0 - 13.1 )	0.0	( 0 - 11.3 )	-	-
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	( 0 - 3.8 )	1.1	( 0 - 6.7 )	0.0	( 0 - 16.7 )	1,000	( 1,000 - 4,000 )

Source: Health and Lifestyles Survey

Notes:

This table presents unadjusted results; that is, the prevalence or mean estimates reflect the actual percentage or mean of the population affected in each time period.
Total response measure of ethnicity was used. People who reported belonging to more than one ethnic group are counted once in each group they reported.
Dashes indicate insufficient sample size.

Subgroup Comparison (2020)

Adjusted prevalence ratios are used to compare the results for different population subgroups. An adjusted ratio above 1 shows that the indicator is more likely, and an adjusted ratio below 1 shows the indicator is less likely, in the group of interest (e.g. Māori) than the reference group (e.g. non-Māori), after adjusting for demographic variables that could influence the association.

Show

Equity-based ethnicities

	Adjusted ratios
Population groups being compared	Ratio	(95% CI)	Adjustment variables
Sex
Women vs men	0.52	( 0.31 - 0.87 )	Age
Māori Equity
Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	1.95	( 1.21 - 3.13 )	Age, Sex
Men: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	1.33	( 0.7 - 2.52 )	Age
Women: Māori vs non-Māori & non-Pacific	3.86	( 1.75 - 8.52 )	Age
Pacific Equity
Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	1.49	( 0.77 - 2.89 )	Age, Sex
Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	0.58	( 0.19 - 1.7 )	Age
Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific & non-Māori	4.48	( 1.63 - 12.29 )	Age
Māori
Māori vs non-Māori	1.89	( 1.22 - 2.93 )	Age, Sex
Men: Māori vs non-Māori	1.37	( 0.74 - 2.53 )	Age
Women: Māori vs non-Māori	3.17	( 1.64 - 6.14 )	Age
Pacific
Pacific vs non-Pacific	1.28	( 0.7 - 2.35 )	Age, Sex
Men: Pacific vs non-Pacific	0.54	( 0.19 - 1.51 )	Age
Women: Pacific vs non-Pacific	3.18	( 1.37 - 7.4 )	Age
Asian
Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age, Sex
Men: Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age
Women: Asian vs non-Asian	-	-	Age
Neighbourhood deprivation
Most deprived vs least deprived	1.33	( 0.59 - 3.01 )	Age, Sex, Ethnicity
Men: Most deprived vs least deprived	-	-	Age, Ethnicity
Women: Most deprived vs least deprived	-	-	Age, Ethnicity

Source: Health and Lifestyles Survey

Notes:

This table gives comparisons as adjusted prevalence ratios.
Population groups being compared are based on total ethnicity.
Neighbourhood deprivation groups are least (1 - 3), mid (4 - 7) and most deprived (8 - 10).
The model for neighbourhood deprivation used prioritised ethnicity as an adjustment variable.
Dashes indicate that reliable estimates are unavailable due to, for example, an insufficient sample size or unusually wide confidence interval.

Changes over time

This table presents unadjusted results; that is, the prevalence estimates reflect the actual percentage for the specified population in each survey year. Statistically significant differences between years are shown in bold ( p value < .05).

Year

Show

p value

	Unadjusted prevalence						Statistical significance of difference between years ( p value)
Population group	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018	2020	2010 and 2020	2012 and 2020	2014 and 2020	2016 and 2020	2018 and 2020
Total	0.2	1.4	3.5	3.2	2.2	2.6	.000	.064	.208	.245	.502
Men	0.4	2.2	5.4	5.2	3.4	3.4	.000	.315	.162	.104	.983
Women	0.0	0.7	1.8	1.4	1.0	1.7	.000	.035	.954	.480	.105
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0	3.2	2.6	3.6	3.7	3.6	.038	.861	.634	.995	.990
25-44	0.1	2.2	5.0	4.3	3.3	3.7	.000	.324	.422	.616	.706
45-64	0.0	0.2	3.2	2.5	1.0	1.9	.002	.001	.312	.428	.190
65+	1.0	0.3	2.4	2.2	1.0	0.9	.965	.137	.303	.251	.920
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	1.3	2.9	3.1	5.8	4.7	.000	.002	.135	.211	.621
Pacific	0.0	0.5	4.0	4.1	1.4	3.7	.002	.002	.924	.798	.063
Asian	0.0	2.9	1.9	3.8	0.3	1.1	.570	.508	.691	.208	.404
NZ European / Other	0.2	1.3	4.0	3.2	2.3	2.5	.000	.089	.115	.328	.778
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	1.8	3.0	3.5	1.5	1.8	.011	.975	.338	.155	.782
Mid (4-7)	0.4	0.8	3.5	3.8	1.6	2.9	.006	.007	.633	.343	.131
Most (8-10)	0.0	2.0	4.3	1.9	3.8	3.0	.000	.408	.453	.161	.541
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	1.9	4.4	4.0	2.0	2.4	.000	.564	.054	.033	.490
Low-risk gambler	0.0	4.5	6.5	9.3	14.7	20.7	.001	.038	.050	.112	.504
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	2.9	24.7	18.8	22.6	24.5	.000	.003	.986	.653	.887

	Unadjusted prevalence					Statistical significance of difference between years ( p value)
Population group	2010	2012	2014	2016	2018	2010 and 2018	2012 and 2018	2014 and 2018	2016 and 2018
Total	0.2	1.4	3.5	3.2	2.2	.000	.251	.096	.097
Men	0.4	2.2	5.4	5.2	3.4	.001	.339	.189	.140
Women	0.0	0.7	1.8	1.4	1.0	.002	.533	.278	.418
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0	3.2	2.6	3.6	3.7	.068	.864	.658	.986
25-44	0.1	2.2	5.0	4.3	3.3	.000	.497	.286	.405
45-64	0.0	0.2	3.2	2.5	1.0	.157	.207	.086	.054
65+	1.0	0.3	2.4	2.2	1.0	.990	.321	.370	.357
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	1.3	2.9	3.1	5.8	.008	.041	.201	.246
Pacific	0.0	0.5	4.0	4.1	1.4	.176	.273	.461	.081
Asian	0.0	2.9	1.9	3.8	0.3	.887	.292	.320	.064
NZ European / Other	0.2	1.3	4.0	3.2	2.3	.000	.189	.091	.249
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	1.8	3.0	3.5	1.5	.053	.895	.250	.110
Mid (4-7)	0.4	0.8	3.5	3.8	1.6	.149	.240	.136	.018
Most (8-10)	0.0	2.0	4.3	1.9	3.8	.002	.258	.788	.148
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	1.9	4.4	4.0	2.0	.002	.951	.022	.010
Low-risk gambler	0.0	4.5	6.5	9.3	14.7	.027	.201	.269	.462
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	2.9	24.7	18.8	22.6	.047	.085	.906	.803

	Unadjusted prevalence	Statistical significance of difference between years ( p value)
Total	0.2	1.4	3.5	3.2	.000	.008	.721
Men	0.4	2.2	5.4	5.2	.000	.024	.891
Women	0.0	0.7	1.8	1.4	.000	.181	.602
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0	3.2	2.6	3.6	.042	.867	.643
25-44	0.1	2.2	5.0	4.3	.000	.185	.699
45-64	0.0	0.2	3.2	2.5	.000	.000	.606
65+	1.0	0.3	2.4	2.2	.503	.059	.862
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	1.3	2.9	3.1	.006	.152	.859
Pacific	0.0	0.5	4.0	4.1	.007	.009	.983
Asian	0.0	2.9	1.9	3.8	.138	.775	.433
NZ European / Other	0.2	1.3	4.0	3.2	.000	.014	.384
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	1.8	3.0	3.5	.000	.339	.701
Mid (4-7)	0.4	0.8	3.5	3.8	.000	.001	.820
Most (8-10)	0.0	2.0	4.3	1.9	.001	.956	.179
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	1.9	4.4	4.0	.000	.033	.752
Low-risk gambler	0.0	4.5	6.5	9.3	.021	.424	.596
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	2.9	24.7	18.8	.090	.151	.735

	Unadjusted prevalence	Statistical significance of difference between years ( p value)
Total	0.2	1.4	3.5	.000	.013
Men	0.4	2.2	5.4	.000	.046
Women	0.0	0.7	1.8	.006	.144
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0	3.2	2.6	.189	.807
25-44	0.1	2.2	5.0	.000	.139
45-64	0.0	0.2	3.2	.011	.014
65+	1.0	0.3	2.4	.469	.125
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	1.3	2.9	.009	.202
Pacific	0.0	0.5	4.0	.255	.308
Asian	0.0	2.9	1.9	.426	.727
NZ European / Other	0.2	1.3	4.0	.000	.008
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	1.8	3.0	.004	.510
Mid (4-7)	0.4	0.8	3.5	.018	.027
Most (8-10)	0.0	2.0	4.3	.013	.244
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	1.9	4.4	.000	.040
Low-risk gambler	0.0	4.5	6.5	.104	.734
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	2.9	24.7	.084	.124

	Unadjusted prevalence	Statistical significance of difference between years ( p value)
Total	0.2	1.4	.026
Men	0.4	2.2	.099
Women	0.0	0.7	.073
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0	3.2	.137
25-44	0.1	2.2	.100
45-64	0.0	0.2	.575
65+	1.0	0.3	.601
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2	1.3	.208
Pacific	0.0	0.5	.549
Asian	0.0	2.9	.338
NZ European / Other	0.2	1.3	.082
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1	1.8	.273
Mid (4-7)	0.4	0.8	.634
Most (8-10)	0.0	2.0	.065
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2	1.9	.038
Low-risk gambler	0.0	4.5	.369
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6	2.9	.495

	Unadjusted prevalence
Total	0.2
Men	0.4
Women	0.0
Age group (years)
15-24 / 16-24	0.0
25-44	0.1
45-64	0.0
65+	1.0
Ethnicity (total)
Māori	0.2
Pacific	0.0
Asian	0.0
NZ European / Other	0.2
Neighbourhood deprivation
Least (1-3)	0.1
Mid (4-7)	0.4
Most (8-10)	0.0
Problem gambling severity
Non-problem gambler	0.2
Low-risk gambler	0.0
Moderate-risk or problem gambler	0.6

Source: Health and Lifestyles Survey

Notes:

Total response measure of ethnicity was used. People who reported belonging to more than one ethnic group are counted once in each group they reported.
Dashes indicate that the data is not available.

Indicator definition

New Zealand adults who participated in online gambling on overseas websites in the last 12 months.

This indicator reports on respondents who answered Yes to any of the activities.

Online gambling on overseas websites activities included in the questionnaire have changed slightly over time

Questions:

In the last 12 months, have you spent money through a website, on your mobile phone, or on a gaming console...

Playing online pokies?
Playing online poker or other online casino games such as blackjack or roulette?
Placing a sports bet online through an overseas website [NOT through a New Zealand TAB account]?
On any other online betting, including overseas lotteries?

(Yes / No)

Interpretation notes

Change in response rate

Lower response rates in 2018 than in 2016 and 2020 among young (15 to 24 years) male Māori, young male NZ European/Other, young female Asian, and older (55+ years) male Asian respondents mean that comparisons of 2018 data with 2016 and 2020 should be made with caution. We recommend focusing on longer-term trends where possible.

Impacts of Covid

Interviewing for the 2020 Health and Lifestyles Survey was delayed for five months due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Interviewing was then suspended twice in the Auckland region in response to the alert level being raised to level 3. At all other times, interviewing took place at alert levels 1 and 2 with additional COVID-19 precautions in place. It is unclear what impact the delays to the survey and the pandemic response have had on the data. No adjustments have been made to account for the impacts of these delays and the pandemic response.